AirAsia-Sustaining Competitve Advantage Essay

Each Person Shines His Own Way

Each Person Shines His Own Way A samurai who was known for his nobility and honesty, went to visit a Zen monk to ask him for his advice.When the monk had finished his prayers, the Samurai asked, Why do I feel so inferior? I have faced death many times, have defended those who are weak. Nevertheless, upon seeing you meditating, I felt that my life had absolutely no importance whatsoever.Wait. Once I have attended to all those who come to see me today, I shall answer you. replied the monk. The samurai spent the whole day sitting in the temple gardens, watching the people go in and out in search of advice. He saw how the monk received them all with the same patience and the same illuminated smile on his face.At nightfall, when everyone had gone, he demanded: Now can you teach me?The master invited him in and lead him to his room. The full moon shone in the sky, and the atmosphere was one of profound tranquility.Do you see the moon, how beautiful it is? It will cross the entire firmament, and tomorrow the sun will s hine once again.But sunlight is much brighter, and can show the details of the landscape around us: trees, mountains, clouds.I have contemplated the two for years, and have never heard the moon say: why do I not shine like the sun? Is it because I am inferior?Of course not. â€" answered the samurai. The moon and the sun are different things, each has its own beauty. You cannot compare the two.So you know the answer. We are two different people, each fighting in his own way for that which he believes, and making it possible to make the world a better place; the rest are mere appearances.

Elements of Relationship in D.H. Lawrences Works Essay...

After spending a semester experiencing and analyzing the work of D.H. Lawrence, it has become obvious that he had several messages to convey to his audience. Through his characters, Lawrence commented on the condition of England, on social issues, and also on relationships. In his novels Sons and Lovers, Women in Love, and Lady Chatterleys Lover, Lawrence reveals three important aspects of relationships, and shows his audience the devastating results when one or more of those aspects are missing. When it comes to intellectual, spiritual and sexual connections, Lawrence makes it clear that all of these elements must be present in order for a relationship to be successful; its either all or none. Lawrences first example of†¦show more content†¦which is why they ?cannot love in the common sense.? (221) The elements of intellect and spirituality are most definitely crucial to having a successful relationship. Since the bond between Paul and Miriam is created on the basis of those two components, it would make sense for them to live happily ever after. However, regardless of how deep their intellectual and spiritual connections are, the relationship between Paul and Miriam lacks the third dimension, a true physical bond, and therefore is incomplete. As Paul grows into a young man, his physical needs start to take priority over the need for intellectual stimulation. Since Paul?s need for a spiritual connection is met in his mother, and he doesn?t find Miriam sexually attractive, he breaks off his relationship with her for a more sensual Mrs. Clara Dawes. It is easy to understand Paul?s attraction to Clara, for unlike Miriam, ?he noticed how her breasts s welled inside her blouse, and how her shoulder curved handsomely under the thin muslin at the top of her arm.? (202) Although Paul finds satisfaction in his sexual explorations of Clara, it is no doubt ephemeral. The lack of intellectuality and spirituality between the two lovers results in ?some mechanical effort spoil[ing] their loving,? and when they did have ?splendid moments, they had them separately and not soShow MoreRelated The Presence and Justification of Autoeroticism in The Rocking-Horse Winner1510 Words   |  7 Pages D.H. Lawrence’s writings often mirror elements of his own life, though they contain decidedly fictitious components. The characters in Lawrence’s The Rocking- Horse Winner closely resemble his own family. Like Paul, Lawrence was seeking a way out of the misfortune of pre-war London living. Unlike Lawrence, Paul is already well-to-do. Paul’s search consists of a yearning for affection and acceptance. In The Rocking-Horse Winner a young boy finds a certain calling within himself that serves toRead More Necessary Physical Contant in D.H. Lawrences Women in Love and Platos Symposium2555 Words   |  11 PagesNecessary Physical Contant in D.H. Lawrences Women in Love and Platos Symposium D.H. Lawrence’s novel, Women in Love, presents a complex model of female-male and male-male relationships. Lawrence’s model relies heavily on a similar model presented in Plato’s Symposium. The difference between the two works lies in the mode of realization; that is, how one goes about achieving a ‘perfect’ love relationship with either sex. Lawrence concentrates on corporal fulfillment, characterized in hisRead MoreCompartive Fiction Essay: The Rocking Horse Winner and Young Goodman Brown786 Words   |  4 Pagesinclude: to ensnare, be false to, fail to fulfill, cheat, cause to accept as true or valid what is false or invalid, to while away, practice deceit and give a false impression. In D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† the grip of deceit on both the physical and spiritual elements of life is the theme revealed through irony, symbolism and allegory. The bible warns of the pride within ones heart and elated perception of self that grips them deceived.Read MoreRocking Horse Winner Thesis2184 Words   |  9 PagesFINANCIAL INFLUENCE ON MOTHER AND CHILD RELATIONSHIPS IN â€Å" D.H LAWRENCE’S â€Å"THE ROCKING-HORSE WINNER† By JULIA M.ALAI In â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† we are introduced to a woman who author D.H Lawrence states, â€Å"was beautiful, who started with all the advantages, yet she had no luck. She married for love, and the love turned to dust. She had bonny children, yet she felt they had been thrust upon her, and she could not love them.† When I dive into the psychology behind that statement, I comeRead MoreThe Internal Conflict of Relationships in D.H. Lawrences The Horse Dealers Daughter1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe Internal Conflict of Relationships in D.H. Lawrences The Horse Dealers Daughter Love is one of the most complex and boundless emotions that human kind experiences. There is no set definition as to what it is or how it is felt by all, to each person it is a very intimate and personal evolution of a bit of the soul. It is for that reason that it is not strange to find both Mable Pervins and Jack Fergussons identification of love so vastly different. Love is also a timeless emotion, whereRead MoreNature in Sons and Lovers by D.H. Lawrence2490 Words   |  10 PagesIn his introduction to The Letters of D.H. Lawrence, (Aldous Huxley, 1932) declared that Lawrence was ‘above all a great literary artist†¦one of the greatest English writers of any time.’ Born in Eastwood near Nottingham, England on the 11th of September, 1885, D. H. Lawrence wrote novels that presented the dehumanizing effect of industrial culture and preached a glorified union with nature along with its corollary, sexual fulfilment. His experience growing up in a coal-mining family p rovided muchRead MoreStylistic Analysis10009 Words   |  41 PagesChapter 1. Stylistic peculiarities of D.H. Lawrence and H.W. Longfellow’s poetry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.1. The use of polysemanticism of the word in combination with repetition in poems by D.H. Lawrence and H.W. Longfellow†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7-12 1.2. Lingvo-stylistic potential of D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"Don’ts†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12-14 1Read MoreHorace Gregory s Short ( But Perfectly Formed D. H. Lawrence : Pilgrim Of The Apocalypse10205 Words   |  41 Pages(1933) explains how Lawrence’s two essays on psychoanalysis were motivated by his desire to understand. What he needed to understand was why he was as he was; how the development of masculinity and gender identity were influenced and how obstacles such as an over-possessive mother might impair these developments. Hence, his works on psychoanalysis were not written to be an acceptance of Freud’s doctrines but rather a critical approach to them. Gregory maintains the Lawrence’s essays on psychoanalysisRead More Sons and Lovers by D.H. Lawrence Essays6130 Words   |  25 PagesSons and Lovers by D.H. Lawrence THE PLOT In the rolling hills and coal-pitted fields of central England, known as the British Midlands, live the Morels, a poor mining family. The family has just moved down in the world from the nearby village of Bestwood to the Bottoms, a complex of working-class row houses. Gertrude Morel is a small, stern woman, pregnant with her third child, Paul, the protagonist of this novel. The Morels other children are William and Annie. But unlike his siblings

Homers Relationship With Paris And Aphrodite - 1737 Words

Helen, the face that launched a thousand ships. In Homer’s epic poem, Iliad, he describes Helen of Troy as the most beautiful woman in the world. The introduction of the Iliad states that when Paris steals Helen from her husband Menelaus, a Greek Chieftain, the Achaeans band together and cross the Aegean Sea to wage war against Troy, a gracious, prosperous city in Asia Minor. Their motive is revenge . After fighting for nine years in a land that is not their own, the Greeks miss â€Å"the rich fields and glorious feasts that supposedly make combat worth-while. Both sides have trouble remembering why they are fighting in the first place† Under the leadership of Menelaus’s brother Agamemnon, the Greeks fight around Troy for ten years†¦show more content†¦In each of the three examples listed above the young women are beautiful, they are presented by their creators as vixens who use their siren ways to entice and entrap men into their seductive webs. Eventually each man falls victim to the seductress, living the rest of their days a ruined man. This is how it is presented to the audience, but is this what really happens? Like Helen, these three characters are in fact, victims of society and the men they seduce. Helen is the daughter of Zeus, prized for her beauty. Throughout the span of history she is that by which all female beauty is measured. Her beauty is not subjective but rather absolute. She is the only female in history who can rally an entire army’s response and hold them in battle for over ten years just to bring her home. Her iconic image that spans all of history has been twisted into something very different than what was presented by Homer in the Iliad. Hellen is exploited by the men who worship her, and the gods that favor her. In order to fully understand the relationship between Paris and Helen, the reader must first understand the relationship between Paris and Aphrodite. Athena and Hera are on the side of the Greeks while Aphrodite favors the Trojans. This is because of a dispute between the three about who was most beautiful. Paris, who was judge in the beauty contest, choseShow MoreRelated Expression of Self-worth in Homer’s Iliad1400 Words   |  6 PagesExpression of Self-worth in Homer’s Iliad The story of the Trojan War as played out in the Iliad is perhaps most gripping for the focus on the role of the individual; the soul is struck by the very concept of a decade-long war and a city-state razed to the ground for one man’s crime and one woman’s beauty. As such, the dynamic between Helen, Paris, and the Trojan people they have doomed is a fascinating one. For while Prince Paris is hated by all of Troy, his right to keep Helen is challengedRead MoreEssay on A Review of the Movie Troy808 Words   |  4 Pagesthe movie Troy is a movie for Hollywood that is sure to be a box office hit. Troy, based on the Iliad, has proven to be a very loose adaptation of Homers classic and one cannot help noticing the major differences between the book and the movie. One of the most noticeable differences between the book and the movie is the absence of the Gods. In Homers Iliad, the Gods played a major part in the Trojan War. Though the viewers are made aware that the characters believe in the Gods, the only GodRead MoreHector v.s Paris Rivalry in The Liad1124 Words   |  5 PagesHector and Paris. He focus on these two men that both want to become a great legacy and hero. Homer’s comparison of these to characters shows there drive to become the better man. Through all of there rivalries, which include but are not limited to family, behaviour in battle, and how they relate to the gods, Hector shows that he is the more honourable man. Hector has a family and the way that he shows his compassionate relationship with his family is more honourable then the way that Paris tries toRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad993 Words   |  4 Pages In Homer’s The Iliad, we learn that the mother and father relationships within the family is very important, but we don’t want to overlook the brothers. For instance, in the Greek and Trojan families, it was one way to bring everyone together. The brotherhood of Agamemnon and Menelaus, and Hector and Paris illustrates their devotion. Book Six of The Iliad comprehends several illustrations of how honor strengthens the bond between both brother’s Agamemnon and Menelaus and Hector and Paris. GloryRead MoreThe Epic Poem, The Iliad by Homer879 Words   |  3 PagesHomer’s epic poem, The Iliad, is about the battles and events during the Trojan War between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles. Mortality and Immortality is the main crucial distinction between humans and gods. That being said, another interesting thing about them is how similar they are to human beings. They make mistakes, become jealous, and get their feelings hurt unlike our modern concepti on of god as infinite, omniscient and omnibenevolent. The Iliad literature on the gods does not displayRead MoreThe Eruption Of The Iliad1558 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the epic of Homer’s The Iliad, the gods take on human characteristics, allowing their feelings guide them, intervening, through the war. Before the war began, there was a wedding feast to honor Thetis and Peleus, Achilles’ parents. The goddess Eris was not invited to the wedding. Eris was angry and threw a golden apple inscribed for the fairest and threw it into the banquet hall. All the goddesses claimed the apple, but Zeus delegates the decision to Paris, a prince in Troy. TheRead More The Gods in Homers The Iliad and The Odyssey Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gods in Homers The Iliad and The Odyssey The stories told in the Iliad and Odyssey are based on stories handed down over several generations, for they preserve (as we have seen) memories of an already quiet far distant past. The two pomes show clear connection in their language and style, in the manner in which their incidents presented, and in the combination of agreement with level, which distinguish their creation. The work was written by one author but gave two diverse views on theRead More Religious Beliefs in Aeschylus Oresteia, Homer’s Iliad, and Sophocles’ Electra1659 Words   |  7 PagesReligious Beliefs in Aeschylus Oresteia, Homer’s Iliad, and Sophocles’ Electra The final and definitive defeat of the Persian army at the battle of Plataea represented the end of an age-long threat to Athens. But the victory was also a miracle, as all the odds were against the Athenians at the onset of the war. While Pericles took charge of Athens after the war and started the advance of democracy, religion also thrived. The rebuilding of the Acropolis and the construction of the ParthenonRead More Incest in Greek Mythology Essay1765 Words   |  8 Pagesthe characters in the Greek plays the opportunity to also lust after their children and relatives. While the story of Oedipus the King is the delineating play on the subject, Greek mythology is full of incestuous relationships.    The gods who inspired the love and hate relationships among families include Hermes, who used his magical use of language to lure the feelings of his brother Apollo away from jealousy to love. Hermes reward was divination, and he became the god who protected travelersRead MoreGlory And Honor : Honor And Glory1798 Words   |  8 Pagesmany Greek warriors is the fame that remains beyond physical death; the honor of individuals guided most thoughts and decisions. Glory and honor establish heroes and their identities, and are the foundations for the developments that come to pass in Homer’s Iliad. The notions of honor and glory are necessary to understanding the incentives of the heroes in the Iliad. Glory is earned by heroic actions, but in particular heroic actions that others witness and praise. Honor is similar to glory, but while

The Importance Of Marriage Preparation And Premarital...

â€Å"The importance of marriage preparation and premarital counseling has increased in the United States as the divorce rate continues to remain high.† (Larson et. al., 2002 p.233) Marital dysfunction and dissatisfaction are among the top reasons couples have sought out divorce. With the rate of divorce rising, it poses a question what marriage and family therapists can do to help lower the divorce rates and help couples develop healthier relationships. †¨ Premarital prevention programs were implemented in the 1930’s, where the first program was developed at the Merrill-Palmer Institute in 1932. (Carroll Dohetry, 2003) According to Carroll and Doherty (2003) in 1941 the Philadelphia Marriage Council developed a program that helped young married couples and premarital couples gain an understanding of what companionship in marriage is and how to work through marital difficulties. Members of the clergy, known as individuals ordained for religious duties, have the l ongest history of interacting with couples prior to their marriage to discuss what marriage is. Within the past few decades there has been a shift of what is discussed with couples before marriage; in the beginning couples were educated on what the nature of marriage is and the meaning of marriage to a transition of educating the couple and preparing them for marriage. Since the 1970s, clergy and family professionals have increased their interest in preparing couples for marriage by utilizing premarital educationShow MoreRelatedEngaged Couples Should Be Required to Take Marriage Preparation Classes for One Full Year before Their Wedding1018 Words   |  5 Pagesloss, broken destiny, children without a father. This research is devoted to the importance of marriage preparation classes for one full year before wedding. Profession and marriage are often called the most important indicators of living conditions and well-being. But if you can master the profession for several years, preparing for the role of husband and wife over a short time is impossible. Preparation for marriage cannot be provided at once, by the end of any schools, courses for the future spousesRead MoreMarraige Counceling5817 Words   |  24 Pages2011-07-25 Contents 1 PART 1 3 1.1 PREMARITAL COUNSELLING 3 1.1.1 Definition of premarital counselling 3 1.1.2 Purpose of Premarital Counselling 3 1.1.3 Purpose of the Helper 4 1.1.4 Relavent Core Relational Conditions 4 1.1.5 Degree Of Structure Needed 5 1.1.6 In What Format Does Counselling Take Place 5 1.2 MARRIAGE ENRICHMENT 7 1.2.1 Definition of Marriage Enrichment 7 1.2.2 Purpose of Marriage Enrichment Counselling 7 1.2.3 Purpose ofRead MoreMarriage and Cohabitation13809 Words   |  56 Pages1.1 What is Marriage 1.2 What is Cohabitation CHAPTER TWO – ORIGIN OF MARRIAGE 2.1 Types of Marriage 2.2 Justification of Marriage 2.3 Christian Perspective of Marriage 2.4 Advantages and dis-advantages of Marriage CHAPTER THREE – ORIGIN OF COHABITATION 3.1 Types of Cohabitation 3.2 Justification of Cohabitation 3.3 Christian perspective of Cohabitation 3.4 Advantages and dis- advantages of Cohabitation CHAPTER FOUR – MARRIAGE AND COHABITATION 4.1 Relationship between Marriage and CohabitationRead MoreHiv/Aids Summary of Research Study8804 Words   |  36 Pagesyouth population. While majority knew that AIDS can be contracted from a healthy-looking person and even from one single sexual contact, 35 percent agreed that the disease is a punishment from God for people who have sexual intercourse outside of marriage. Moreover, 28 per cent said that AIDS is curable. Seventy three per cent believed that only those with multiple sex partners are at risk of infection. Comparing the results from the 1994 YAFS survey, no substantial change in level of awareness ofRead MoreMarriage Guidance: Summary Notes19959 Words   |  80 PagesMarriage Guidance – Summary MGG201W MGG201W – Marriage Guidance – facilitative couples counselling Theme ONE – Understanding couples Intimacy involves: love, affection and caring, deep attachment to another person. The TRIPOD of couple relationships An intimate relationship consists of three factors that form a tripod on which the relationship rests. 1. Passionate attraction (PA) 2. Mutual expectations (ME) 3. Personal intentions (PI) Passionate attractions (PA) → Individual experiencesRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesAdventists ............................ 1 1 1 3 3 4 5 6 9 CHAPTER 4 Organization Founded on Divine Principles .................................. 21 Biblical Basis for Organization ..................................................... 21 Vital Importance of Organization .................................................. 22 Divine Purpose in Organization .................................................... 23 CHAPTER 5 Form of Organization in the Seventh-day Adventist Church 25 Forms of Church GovernmentRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesmention the word â€Å"declarative.† Also, we usually don’t use the word â€Å"logically.† ────CONCEPT CHECK──── Create two sentences about basketball that are inconsistent with each other. ────5 Examples of Good Reasoning So far weve explored the importance of reasoning logically in situations that require a decision—either a decision about what to do or a decision about what to believe. Along the way weve introduced a variety of rules of thumb for good reasoning, that is, high-quality reasoning

Non-Verbal Communication in Criminal Justice free essay sample

Whether it is factually writing an incident report or verbally explaining to a juror what their responsibility is during a trial, these professionals must clearly express important information. Oral and written communication obviously have their place in this domain, but communication does not end here, that’s why this paper will elaborate on the subject of the importance of nonverbal communication and point out how this information will help criminal justice professionals to succeed. It will break down the subject into categories and elaborate on the different environments this material will support various encounters in the judicial system. According to the pioneer in the study of nonverbal communication, Ray Birdwhistell, he has approximated that only thirty percent of the communication is actually verbal. (Lytle, J. S. , 1984). In this Criminal Justice Communication course, we were informed that it is believed the communication cues we rely on are as follows: fifty-five percent are facial expressions, thirty-eight percent are tone of voice, and only seven percent are actual words that are spoken. Wallace, H. , Robertson, C. , 2009). Although the method of nonverbal communication is not an exact science, it is still important to understand what body language, facial expressions, hand gestures, and personal distance are conveying; this breakdown of interpretation is also known as soft skills. As criminal justice professionals it can be particularly important for a better understanding of unspoken communication since criminal justice professionals interact with people from so many different backgrounds and may be in intense situations. They are required to assess conditions and attempt to predetermine the next move of the subject being observed and depending on the role of the individual professional it could determine the outcome of a life or death situation. On a daily basis for every criminal justice profession it is always important to understand and continually fine tune the art of body language interpretation. The variety of situations and limitless diversity definitely poses a great possibility for error; this is why it is critical for all of the factors to be taken into account when reading each subject and the entire scenario. Nowicki, E. , 2001). So how do you know the perception of what is happening is being communicated correctly? Well, accuracy can be obtained through several tactics, however, before discussing that it is important to consider the components that could alter soft skills analyses which can be unintentional and end up skewing the outcome. For example, if communication is taking place wit h someone that is emotionally and/or intellectually challenged, suffers from a mental illness, or is under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol this will most likely interfere with the reading of the subject’s nonverbal language. When interacting with children it is important to be aware of the fact that they are still developing their social skills and tend to be awkward with their movements and gestures. (Hollerbach, D. , 2006). Additionally, senior citizens are harder to read because they have less muscle tone in the face. Gender, economic, and cultural differences can also affect non-verbal communication. Studies have revealed that men tend to mask or hide their emotions more than women. Patterns of variation in male and female facial expressions, gestures, and movement are due to the roles each gender plays in society, the cultural stereotypes and perceptions that are acceptable. Economic environment can also adjust the soft skills of a subject; an example of this difference would be the way a president of a Fortune 500 company would most likely not have the same gestures and movements as a gang leader would possess in a public setting. Although the American entertainment industry has contributed to bridging the cultural gap in nonverbal communication there are still significant differences with interpretations in regards to soft skills. For instance, eastern culture views on eye contact are considerably different from our western culture, men and women have different boundaries when it comes to body language from country to country, and this is also the case in respect to age in many cultures, too. There may be some issues when trying to read the body language of the hearing impaired and the deaf, too. In the past, sign language was considered to be a form of nonverbal communication because of the gestures or pantomimes. However, this is no longer the case, through the assistance of linguistic research; American Sign Language (ASL) is now classified as a verbal language. (Lytle, J. S. , 1984). When attempting to assess a situation utilizing soft skills, a criminal justice professional must consider the message they are trying to relay to someone who happens to be hearing impaired or deaf is delayed, they may be reading our lips, and for them to communicate their â€Å"words† it requires more intense facial and hand gestures. When considering the maneuvers criminal justice professionals practice to help assess a situation, individual, or group, perhaps to avoid repetition, it would be best to break down and give examples of how these professionals could best use the components of soft skills as tools for a successful outcome in their daily functions. Proceed with caution and be mindful of the variables previously conveyed and how interpretation can be skewed when they are a part of the equation. Human behavior can be tricky since it is not controlled like a language and let’s face it, most individuals have many eccentricities which interfere with identifiable patterns in this form of communication. Practice, knowledge and intuition can help overcome some of these obstacles, though. Through facial expressions, professionals in the field of criminal justice may be able to tell what the true feelings of the subject they are interacting with are and if there is truth or deception in the words they are speaking. It may be best to sort this category out by facial parts, and please remember for the purpose of this paper, the examples are specific, but not limited to expressions that can be used by criminal justice professionals in various positions for a number of situations. The indicators generated from the forehead are usually in conjunction with other body language signals, more like amplifiers, since it is limited in the amount of movements it can make and the message tends to be negative. A wrinkled forehead accompanied by raised eyebrows can be interpreted as being surprised, confused, or questioning. When someone’s forehead is sweating in the presence of a criminal justice professional, chances are it is being read as nervousness and/or deception. Depending on how the forehead is touched it can indicate different messages, like when a subject is slowly rubbing it may be interpreted as deep thinking as though they are trying to come up with a story or trying to remember something. If someone is massaging their temples it could mean stress or frustration. (Pillai, D. , Sheppard, E. , and Mitchell, P. 2012). Much like the forehead, the eyebrows are usually not independent indicators of nonverbal facial cues; they serve as more of an accent to the eyes and can work in conjunction with the forehead’s clues. They can help give hints to emotions like anger, surprise, and annoyance. We have all heard the statement, â€Å"The eyes are the windows to the soul†, and there is some definite truth to that in interpreting the expressions from someone’s eyes. The eyes can indicate many things that could be helpful in just about every situation in this field; not only can they tell us if an individual is truthful or lying, it can tell us that the subject is angry, sad, surprised, happy, or even under the influence of drugs or alcohol. The eyes can even indicate that the subject is â€Å"sizing up the situation† to commit a crime, looking for a weapon to use, or for a way to escape. There is also a term called the â€Å"target glance† that is taught to law enforcement which is given about one-half of a second before a person attacks; what a helpful skill that would be to acquire! Nowicki, E. , 2001). Working down the face, the nose can be a great indicator for detecting a liar. Honest! When a person lies, this can cause the blood vessels in their nose to dilate, making the nose swell or appear redder. This nasal inflammation causes cells to release natural histamine, which makes the nose itchy and generates touching or scratch ing it. Maybe we should call it the â€Å"Pinocchio Theory†. Pinching the bridge of the nose can show the person is evaluating something, usually negatively and with some frustration. Much like eyes, lips can give us many clues into the mind of the person being observed. If the subject has pursed lips this indicates the classic sign of anger, even when it is suppressed. It can also tell us that the person is lying or â€Å"sealing their lips† to prevent slipping out the truth. Biting the lips can express nervousness, anxiety, guilt, or lying; typically this action is a subconscious action of a liar. Snarling is where the teeth are exposed by pulling back the lips and specifies aggression, although this can also be a broad smile, so for an accurate reading it is important to also utilize the expression of the subject’s eyes. Reading a smile can be complex since it is often used as a mask for a deceitful person, so it is best to assess other parts of the face, too. (Pillai, D. , Sheppard, E. , and Mitchell, P. , 2012). The movements and gestures of the upper body can also be a powerful way of tapping into a subject’s agenda and in some cases even a foreshadowing of someone’s next move. If a person’s shoulders are bowed back this is demonstrating their power or authority and signifies they are not in fear of an attack; in some situations it can symbolize challenging authority. If someone has their shoulders curled forward it shows the person feels inferior or quite possibly consumed with remorse. When a subject is crossing their arms across their chest it is a sign they are placing a barrier between themselves and their surroundings showing they are not receptive to what is happening. Hands can generate a plethora on messages for an observer to identify clues into a person’s agenda. Hands being balled up into fists are usually a negative sign and indicate intense anger, a possible attack, or extreme frustration. When the palms are facing upwards this can tell their defenses are down and they are being honest. Finger pointing is classified as an assertive sign of aggression. While tapping or drumming says the person is impatient or frustrated and fiddling with items is usually a signal that the individual is nervous or anxious, or quite possibly boredom. Biting fingernails denotes insecurity and the person is very nervous. Finally, the lower body will complete this head-to-toe nonverbal communication map for a professional in the field of criminal justice. The wider a person’s feet are situated from each other, the more power and dominant the person is feeling. When someone has placed their hands on their hips it can prompt their readiness to confront or challenging the person they are facing. Sitting with the legs apart or if the person’s legs are crossed at the ankles this can express positive feelings and honesty. When one ankle is place on top of the other leg’s knee with the top leg’s knee positioned sideways this is a sign of confidence and even power. While legs that are crossed can indicate defensiveness or be a positive response, the message depends on the tension of the leg muscles. If a subject is bouncing their foot while sitting with crossed legs this suggests nervousness, irritation, or boredom. (Hollerbach, D. 2006). These hints can be used not only to predict the next move of someone they can also be used to the advantage of criminal justice employees. When you are intentionally conscience of the messages these gestures make you can utilize them to accelerate or deflate a situation. For instance, an arresting officer can â€Å"play† the person they are interrogating with some of these signals, an attorney can coach their client to convey a particular message to a jury, and a judge can use these skills to calm a defendant or a witness and even convey compassion. The possibilities are endless; what a great tool to have in our possession! In conclusion, we all could benefit from the knowledge and skills of studying nonverbal communication. As a Judicial Clerk for Maricopa County Superior Court, I see the need to educate myself further on the subject of nonverbal communication. I also believe that fellow criminal justice professionals could utilize information regarding the art of nonverbal communication and I would recommend also being mindful of the variables and constantly honing their soft skills. All levels of communication should be well thought out and it is so important to really listen before speaking, read and re-read messages or reports before hitting the send button or turning in. This information and advice would also be wise to incorporate in our personal lives, as well. ? References Grubb, Hemby, R, K. (2003). Effective Communication for Criminal Justice Professionals. Belmont, CA 94002-: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. Hollerbach, D. (2006). Improving Nonverbal Communication: A Guide for Upcoming Criminal Justice Professionals. Yahoo Voices. Retrieved from http://voices. yahoo. com/improving-nonverbal-communication-guide-upcoming-138589. html Lytle, J. S. (1984). Nonverbal Communication of the Deaf. Association For Communication Administration Bulletin, (50), 53-56. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/ehost/detail? vid=5sid=193e1f00-5544-4814-8f73-b0af4788cbee%40sessionmgr114hid=108bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=ufhAN=18090140 Nowicki, E. 2001). Body Language. Law and Order v. 49, issue 8, pg. 27-28. Retrieved from Lytle, J. S. (1984). Nonverbal Communication of the Deaf. Association for Communication Administration Bulletin, (50), 53-56. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/ehost/detail? vid=5sid=193e1f00-5544-4814-8f73- Pillai, D. , Sheppard, E. , and Mitchell, P. (2012). Ca n People Guess What Happened to Others from Their Reactions? PLoS ONE, 7 (11) DOI: Retrieved from http://dx. doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0049859 Wallace, H. , Robertson, C. (2009). Written and Interpersonal

The Genocide of East Timor

Introduction While analysing genocide in East Timor, it is necessary to consider some fundamentals concerning the issue of discussion. First of all, it should be pointed out that genocide is recognised to be one of the most terrible crimes a government can commit in relation to its people. As far as genocide was proclaimed an international crime, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UHCG) was established.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Genocide of East Timor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, there is a wide range of definitions genocide involves. Social definitions are of particular importance, as they reveal the type of government a country is controlled by. Thus, on the one hand, genocide can be regarded as government’s intentions to commit crime against its citizens on the basis of their group membership. On the other hand, genocide can be regarded as government’s intentions to abolish population on the basis of any reasons. One is to keep in mind that genocide is mostly associated with certain internal disruptions, war, etc.; so, one can conclude that if government is in danger, democide commitment provides excuse for the worst moral crime1. East Timor’s genocidal grounds Some of the historians are of the opinion that genocidal grounds were basically pre-planned. In the 17th century, the territory of East Timor was colonised by the Portuguese; in times of the Second World War, there were the Japanese, who controlled the territory. In the early seventies, the Portuguese decided to reestablish their control over the country, and the Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor (Fretilin) took a decision to form an independent community. In the mid of the seventies, Fretilin political force got the majority of voices in the local elections; so, the Indonesian government started its military actions and soon declared East Timor’s annexation2. Keeping in mind a brief overview, one can probably conclude that the Indonesian government’s intentions to murder East Timor’s population involved political reasons; although a deep analysis of further actions the Indonesians followed give us an opportunity to suppose that both social definitions of genocide can be applied to the current case study. The Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (CPPCG) and its relation to the case study According to the CPPCG, genocide is considered to be any act, which main purpose is to destroy certain groups. Such events in the case study as a) killing representatives of a national group (the population of East Timor), b) causing bodily and mental harm to representatives of a national group, c) â€Å"deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part†3, d) imposing certain procedures to stop births withi n a national group (gendercidal massacres of men), and e) transferring children to another groups can be all applied to genocide according to the Convention.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A critical overview of the Article II of the CPPCG Some alternative definitions, however, cannot be neglected too. Thus, taking into account the acts of genocide the Convention includes, it becomes evident that the acts can be divided into two major groups. The points of the Convention from a) to c) belong to the so-called physical genocide. As far as Timorese population experienced starvation and suffered a severe lack of any medical services, one can state that the kind of genocide goes beyond descriptions that are pointed out in the CPPCG. Therefore, killing representatives of a certain national group can be regarded whether as a simplified definition or as a definition that canno t fit for genocide atrocities, which occurred in East Timor. In other words, the Article II of The Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide involves some general definitions of one of the worst moral crimes a government commits against humanity. The points of the Convention from d) to e) belong to the biological genocide. So, preventing births seems to be an exhaustive definition; although the original Convention contained no data on violence targeting women4. Gendercide in East Timor, in its turn, covered horrible spectacles with the execution of females. In our days, the execution of women is recognized to be one of the legal definitions of genocide. Other acts not covered by The Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide involve cultural genocide and political genocide. Lawrence Davidson is of the opinion that when people are unfamiliar with the culture outside of their national group, â€Å"they are unable to accurately assess the alleged threat of others around them. Throughout history, dominant populations have often dealt with these fears through mass murder†5. East Timorese population was forced to study a new Indonesian language, which was formed on the basis of the Malayan language. Keeping in mind that the Indonesian government wanted to impose linguistic restrictions on the population of East Timor, one can probably notice that the Timorese also experienced cultural genocide. Of course, political genocide in East Timor cannot be ignored. It was mentioned that the reasons of the conflict between the Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor and the Indonesian party Apodeti were of political origin. Thus, Apodeti was mostly interested in East Timor’s annexation by Indonesia. Therefore, political genocide was unavoidable6. Conclusion It seems to be obvious that the Article II of The Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide does not depict the issue of genocide in detail. For this reason, one can state that the general definitions the Convention involves are to be expanded. The most generic definition of genocide was given by Israel W. Charny. He pointed out that the worst international crime in its common sense is considered to be the mass annihilation of human beings7. As far as genocide is regarded rather ambiguously, some important points on an international crime are to be clarified. So, it must be noted that not only a government, but also various military and international organisations can be also considered as the perpetrators of genocide.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Genocide of East Timor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most widespread motives of genocide include: the annihilation of those, who are hated, the destruction of those, who are regarded as the threat to a political regime, the desire to establish a new order, purification8. Bibliography Charny, I. Encyclopedia of Genocide, Santa Barbara, California, 1999. Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Hrweb.org, 1997. Web. Cribb, R. The Indonesian Killings, Clayton, Australia: Monash Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990. Print. Davidson, L. Cultural Genocide, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2012. Print. Jones, A. Case Study: East Timor (1975-99). Gendercide.org, 2002. Web. Kiernan, B. Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from  Sparta to Darfur, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Melson, R. Purify and Destroy: The Political Uses of Massacre and Genocide, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print. Rummel, R. Genocide. Hawaii.edu, n.d. Web. Footnotes 1 R Rummel, Genocide. Hawaii.edu, n.d. 2 A Jones, Case Study: East Timor (1975-99). Gendercide.org, 2002. 3 Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Hrweb.org, January 1997. 4 B Kiernan, Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from  Sparta to Darfur. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007. 5 L Davidson, Cultural Genocide. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2012. Print. 6 R Cribb, The Indonesian Killings. Clayton, Australia: Monash Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990. Print. 7 I Charny, Encyclopedia of Genocide. Santa Barbara, California, 1999. 8 R Melson, Purify and Destroy: The Political Uses of Massacre and Genocide. UK: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print. This essay on The Genocide of East Timor was written and submitted by user Janelle Olson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.