Hematocellular carcinoma-Liver cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hematocellular carcinoma-Liver cancer - Essay Example The cells of the liver, hepatocytes, compose about 80% of the liver. The other 20% of the liver is occupied by bile ducts, cells which specialize in storing fat and blood vessels. It is the hepatocytes which can become cancerous and thus give rise to the type of liver cancer that this discussion is based on. In patients who are diagnosed with liver cancer, virtually all of them will die within the first year following their diagnosis. Globally, hepatic cellular carcinoma is the fifth most common form of cancer but one of the deadliest forms. The occurrence of liver cancer tends to be most prominent in parts of Africa and Asia. In fact, about 75% of those with hepatic cellular carcinoma, originate from those areas of the world while only 25% of patients diagnosed with hepatic cellular carcinoma will reside in Europe or North America. One of the leading causes of liver cancer originating from the hepatocytes, is hepatitis B or C. Hepatitis B and C. is an infection of the liver which is normally transmitted through sexual contact or exchange of blood. The epidemiology of liver cancer is as follows: â€Å"In the U.S. the highest frequency of liver cancer occurs in immigrants from Asian countries, where liver cancer is common. The frequency of liver cancer among Caucasians is the lowest, whereas among African-Americans and Hispanics, it is intermediate. The frequency of liver cancer is high among Asians because liver cancer is closely linked to chronic hepatitis B infection†(Medicine.net, 2008). In these areas of higher occurrences of liver cancer, men are much more likely to be diagnosed with the disease than women and those who have been infected with Hepatitis B are also much more likely to present with hepatic cellular carcinoma. As we know, one of the main causes of cancer is viral infection. Hepatitis B. is caused by the HBV virus and HCV is caused by the hepatitis C. virus. These

Components in Milk and Isolation of Milk Protein (Casein)

Components in Milk and Isolation of Milk Protein (Casein) Contents 1.1Â  Introduction 1.2Â  Objective 1.3Â  Materials used 1.4Â  Methodology 1.5Â  Result 1.6Â  Discussion 1.7Â  Conclution Referance 1.1Introduction Milk is a complex biological fluid with high amount of proteins, lipid and minerals. Milk plays a major role in a healthy, balanced diet throughout lifetime. Milk having Proteins, Vitamins, carbohydrates and other minerals.Caseins, lactalbumins, and lactoglobulins are some proteins in milk. Milk from domesticated ruminants, primarily cow, sheep, goat, camel and buffalo, are major sources of dietary calcium and, in countries where commercially available milk is fortified, of dietary vitamin D (Clemens et al., 2014). Casein is a sort of protein found in dairy items, for example, milk, yogurt, chocolate, ice-cream and foods. Casein protein, whether it originates from sustenance or from a supplement, could be a valuable addition to diet with a few benefits. Casin helps to digest food fast ,it can take 7h to digest (Samuels, 2014) Milk holds 3.3% total protein. Milk proteins hold each of the 9 essencial amino acids needed by humans. Milk proteins are blended in the mammary organ, however 60% of the amino acids used to manufacture the proteins are from the cows eating diet. (Milkfacts.info, 2014) The total protein part of milk is made out of various particular proteins. The essential gathering of milk protein is casein. the distinctive caseins are different atoms but are comparable in structure. All different proteins are found in milk. (Walter and Hurley, 2014) Caseins got proper amino acid composition that is critical for development and improvement of the nursing youngs. (Walter and Hurley, 2014) A protein is an unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are amino acids. All the more particularly a protein is a peptide less than 50 amino acids are available. Proteins arranged into two: fibrous and globular.fibrous proteins are proteins which peptide chains are organized in long strands or sheets. Globular proteins will be proteins that have a tendency to overlap again on themselves into compact spheroidal shaped. Globular proteins dont form inter molecular between protein units and are all the more effectively solubalized in water . Because that they hold all the amino acids key for building blood and tissue, and can manage life and normal growth . Milk holds three proteins that are caseins, lactalbumins, and lactoglobulins (spurlock,2014) 1.2 Objective To Understand and isolation the components which are present in milk and isolation of milk protein (Casein). 1.3 Materials used Albumin solution Solid ammonium sulphate Ethanol Sulphur salicylic acid Trichloroacetic acid Lead acetate solution 1% Acetic acid Milk powder Filter cloth Ether Test tubes Beakers Funnel Bunsen burner Test tube holder Electric balance Watch glass 1.4 Methodology Protein precipitation Precipitation by salt Half saturation with ammonium sulphate To 3ml of albumin added equal volume of ammonium sulphate solution. Mixed and allowed to standed for 5min. filtered and performed the Biuret test with the filtrate Full saturation with ammonium sulphate To 3ml of albumin added solid ammonium sulphate with mixed until the solution is saturated and stand for 5min. filtered and performed the Biuret test with the filtrate. Isoelectric precipitation To 3ml of casein added 3 drops of bromocresol green indicator. Added 1% acetic acid drop by until a green color is obtained which indicates that the pH is closed to4.6 Precipitation by organic solvents To 2ml of albumin was added with 4ml of ethanol. Mixed and let it stand. And observed the reaction Precipitation by acidic agents Albumin 1ml was added an equal volume of picric acid solution. Observed the3 formation of thick precipitate. repeated the test with trichloroacetic acid and sulphosalicylic acid. Precipitation by heavy metal ions To 1ml of albumin, added to 10 drops of lead acetate solution. Observed the formation of precipitate. Repeated the test with lead nitrate solution Precipitation of heat and Acid Took 10ml of albumin to the test tube, hold the test tube over a flame in slant position and boiled the upper part of the solution .A cloudy white precipitate will be observed in the heated portion. Added a few drops of 1% acetic acid . coagulation was take place and albumin is precipitated. Isolation of casein from milk Milk powder of 17.5g was taken into a beaker. 62.5ml of warmed water at 450C was boiled by using Bunsen burner and added into the beaker which is containing milk powder. The milk powder was well stirred. 10% of acetic acid was added drop wise into milk powder solution and stirred well until the solution changes from milky to pale yellow. Then the solution was filleted well and taken into a beaker, and 15ml of ethanol was added to the filtered casein, it was kept for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes the casein with ethanol was filtered and dried well by using filter paper and tissue papers. The well dried casein was weighted and weight was recorded 1.5 Results Test Observation Inference Ppt by Heat/acid When heating there was a ppt form after adding acetic acid the ppt diffused. There fore these methods can be used for the ppt protein Ppt by heavy metal ions White ppt was formed when lead nintrate was added By the addition of heavy metals protein can be ppt Ppt by acidic agents A thick ppt was formed Positive,there fore via this method protein can be ppt Ppt by organic solvents White ppt was formed Positive, then using organic solvent protein can be ppt Full saturation with NH4SO4 White ppt formed 1.6 Discussion The casein isolation, Kept temperature 45 degrees for avoid excess heat and dilute acetic acid was added as drop by drop. It is important that the heating not be excessive because this conditions hydrolyze the lactose into its components, glucose and galactose before its isolation Adding of Calcium carbonate to the original beaker containing the liquid, neutralized the excess acetic acid and precipitated the initially soluble protein, albumin. This step ensures the liquid contains only the lactose and albumin was poured away from the lactose(Chemistry.mcmaster.ca, 2014) Casein is not properly dry All of the calculations were done 1.7 Conclution Obtained casein after isolation; 12.25g %yield = (12.25/17)x100 = 72% Caseins have an appropriate amino composition, it’s important for the growth of young.This protein in dairy animals.so many pepole allergic to milk, but trully they allergic to the components that milk contains: the casein and the lactose. Evacuation of these items especially the casein permits people with hypersensitivities to endure milk. The information is totally useful for peoples who can`t eat immoderately milk (Leonce, 2014) References Chemistry.mcmaster, (2014) Chem2O06 1997/98 Experiment 11.[Online]. 2014. Available at: http://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/~chem2o6/labmanual/expt11/2o6exp11.html. (Accessed: 15 July 2014). Clemens, R., Hernell, O, and Michaelsen, K. (2014) Milk and Milk Products in Human Nutrition.[Online]. 2014. Nestlenutrition-institute.org. Available at: http://www.nestlenutrition-institute.org/Resources/Library/Free/workshop/BookNNIW67/Pages/booknniw67.aspx. (Accessed: 14 July 2014). Leonce, D. (2014) Biochemistry Practicals.[Online]. 2014. Academia.edu. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/3491493/Biochemistry_Practicals. (Accessed: 15 July 2014). Milkfacts.info, (2014) Milk Protein | MilkFacts.info.[Online]. 2014. Available at: http://www.milkfacts.info/Milk Composition/Protein.htm. (Accessed: 14 July 2014). Samuels, M. (2014) Casein Protein Benefits | LIVESTRONG.COM.[Online]. 2014. LIVESTRONG.COM. Available at: http://www.livestrong.com/article/86604-casein-protein-benefits/. (Accessed: 14 July 2014). Spurlock, d. (2014) Isolation and Identification of Casein From Milk Course Notes. [Online]. 2014. Homepages.ius.edu. Available at: http://homepages.ius.edu/dspurloc/c122/casein.htm. (Accessed: 14 July 2014). Walter, L. and Hurley, (2014) Milk Composition Proteins. [Online]. 2014. Ansci.illinois.edu. Available at: http://ansci.illinois.edu/static/ansc438/Milkcompsynth/milkcomp_protein.html. (Accessed: 14 July 2014). Qualification Higher National Diploma in Biotechnology Level 05 Module Name Protein precipitation and casein from milk Module Number 2 Name of Candidate S.Mayurathan Submission Date 15 July 2014 Word Count 1056

The Question of Freedom in America :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

The United States' democratic system embraces its numerous obligations in a manner which promotes a comfortable and effective society in which the citizens may embark on everyday life knowing that the government is continually engrossed in performi ng its duties to protect and support the rights of the people. Although suicide is illegal, the government must recognize the trauma of those who are terminally ill in order to maintain a fair and equal democracy. By weighing these ideas and recognizing the dignity of an individual along with the law, government attempts to provide a suitable life for all. Through combined efforts of freedom of expression and censorship, liberty is maintained, because both the speaker's and the listener's rights are re spected. The government recognizes that all human life is precious; and, therefore it does its best to enable each individual the ability to gain their desired position in life throug the help of social services. A position not n ecessarily of vast wealt h, but one in which a person may feel content and gratified. Jefferson envisioned such cases as above long before they were contemplated; it is through the Declaration of Independence in 1776, he reflected his strong, intellectual beliefs (Jeffers on 615). Of the most important part of Jefferson's philosophy is the following quote: Â   All men are created equal, they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter it. (616) Â   In accordance with the remainder of the Declaration of Independence, this statement has been the basis of both human rights and overall justice in American democracy. Because there is a partnership between the government and the people in the U nited States, society has improved in every aspect. The government recognizes and embraces responsibility, knowing that the citizens may control their own lives without harming others. Likewise, individuals are given the ability and courage to pursue a joyful life. Hence, people are free to express themselves with all intention towars respecting individual freedom of others.

Relationships And Communication In A Classroom Education Essay

The schoolroom is comparable to the Broadway phase for so many instructors. It is their topographic point to reflect and stand out in their chosen calling. They both are greeted with an audience, who expect them to execute to the best of their abilities, they are frequently placed under examination but as an perceiver, if we take a measure back, it becomes clear that many factors play a portion in these performing artists shows. Learning is imperative in schoolrooms, it is the instructor ‘s responsibility to guarantee that pupils are larning, nevertheless it is besides of import, that within a schoolroom scene, the instructor besides learns from/ about the pupil. Learning would non take topographic point without communicating in the schoolroom. Often times you hear statements such as â€Å" she knows the content, she merely ca n't learn us † , this is due to a dislocation in communicating between the instructor and their pupils. This dislocation can be a consequence of a hapless teacher-student relationship, which once more affects pupils larning. It is obvious that these three factors are connected with relation to the schoolroom, nevertheless for the intent of this essay, I will discourse each factor separately. I will seek to associate my findings to my capable sphere, Physical Education, and as a consequence, become cognizant of the factors that will act upon acquisition, relationships and c ommunicating in my PE schoolroom. From looking at journal articles, it seems there is rather a positive correlativity between degrees of ego regard and academic accomplishment ( Torres, 1995 ) . Those who are confident and comfy in themselves tend to hold better classs than those enduring with low ego regard. Research has shown that relationships hold an consequence on ego regard. Bowlbey ( 1982 ) identified that pupil ‘s self esteem issues are rooted from place, if a parent-child relationship was secure, caring and supportive, this would hold a positive impact on the young person, therefore increasing their self-pride. Agirdag ( 2012 ) developed this thought farther and identified that pupil ‘s ego regard can increase due to a positive relationship between them and their instructor, taking to an addition in academic public presentation and motive. For this ground, the student-teacher relationship is of the highest importance in schoolrooms. It is critical, as pedagogues that we do our uttermost to better and increase our pupils self esteem as we want each pupil to accomplish their possible. Assorted surveies have looked at what adolescents position as the â€Å" most of import † constituents of self-esteem. They have found that â€Å" physical visual aspect † tops the list, followed by â€Å" societal credence † ( Kutob, 2010 ) . As a preparation physical pedagogue, I feel this is highly of import to our subject and it is an country where we can do a existent impact on pupils. We have the flexibleness within our capable to cater for both constituents, particularly physical visual aspect. As a PE instructor, I will seek to better ego regard and assistance overall pupil development by learning my pupils the healthy manner to do a difference to their visual aspect. Whetestone ( 2007 ) carried out a survey of over 5000 young persons and found that male childs who perceived themselves as either underweight or overweight were significantly associated with self-destructive actions or ideas as were misss who saw themselves as corpulence. Keeping this in hea d, I can present some of my lessons through the course of study theoretical account of â€Å" Health Related Activity † foregrounding the benefits of exercising to them, what is meant by BMI, how to accomplish a healthy BMI etc. I can besides concentrate on nutrition and diet and overall, supply my pupils with the chance and cognition to alter their current behaviors which may be taking to their low ego regard, therefore bettering their ego regard. To heighten my pupil ‘s opinion of societal credence, I will present a strand utilizing the Sport Education course of study theoretical account. This theoretical account will heighten each pupil ‘s engagement within my PE category. Each pupil will be a member of a squad, this will give them with a sense of belonging, assist them develop feelings of individuality, learn that they are of import to their squad and their changeless interaction will better their societal accomplishments. Integrating such theoretical accounts and thoughts into my PE category should ensue in an addition in pupil ‘s ego esteem taking to improved dealingss between the instructor and pupil and besides amongst their equals. Communication within a schoolroom is of import in the overall development of pupils and their acquisition. It is the transportation of information and procedure of making intending for two or more people, it can be carried out through assorted different mediums including face to face, in groups, over the phone etc. ( Regan Morrissey 2012 ) . Within a schoolroom of about 20 five pupils, communicating is cardinal, the instructor must be able to pass on affectively to the category as a whole and besides to each of the pupils as persons. In order for the instructor to retain the categories ‘ attending, they must possess schoolroom direction accomplishments and have the ability to pass on efficaciously to their category utilizing non verbal communicating specifically ( Kyriacou 1997 ) . Non-verbal communicating straight affects a instructor ‘s relationship with their pupils therefore it is really of import for them to be cognizant of the construct of how they can stay an effec tual communicator in a professional mode. Tubbs & A ; Moss ( 2008 ) affirmed that non-verbal communicating can be knowing or unwilled. As an pedagogue, I can implement non-verbal cues in both positive and negative ways in my schoolroom environment. For illustration, with oculus contact, I can scan the schoolroom on a regular footing, oversing the pupil ‘s behavior but besides sing they all feel included in the interaction, therefore maintaining them on undertaking. The opposite can happen if I roll my eyes at a pupil ‘s response, disregarding their efforts, therefore taking to the pupil going disengaged from the lesson. It is of import that I get to cognize my pupils and larn to understand how they are affected by different state of affairss. With pattern, I will larn to maintain an oculus out for pupils non verbal cues as their subconscious actions frequently highlight what they are really experiencing at that clip, be it uncomfortable, embarrassed or otherwise. Student s may be excessively diffident to talk out and allow the instructor know what they are experiencing. This is backed up by research completed by Miller ( 2005 ) who found that gestural signals can besides be used to show feelings that are excessively upseting to province otherwise. In my PE categories, I must be cognizant of the pupils who hate executing presentations in forepart of their equals, they may go really self-aware and bloom, therefore foregrounding their unwilled non-verbal communicating and their undesire to partake in such an activity. The chief precedence in a schoolroom is student larning. Over the last figure of old ages, many course of studies have been farther developed and improved to let for greater pupil larning. Learning in a schoolroom goes beyond a instructor showing information to the pupils and the pupils construing it. Research has shown that non all worlds learn in the same manner. This presents instructors with an obstruction ; they must provide for the demands of each of the scholars in their schoolroom and show the scholars with the necessary information to win, to the best of their ability. Many pupils feel that Physical Education is non of import to their lives ; they do n't bask physical activity, do n't take part in it and do n't believe they of all time will. A batch of them are of the sentiment that PE category is merely a otiose chance to acquire more survey done. I believe the administration and end focal point of the pedagogue has a batch to make with this. We hear of pupil ‘s kicking about PE rather on a regular basis, ‘I ‘m bad at all athleticss so I hate the categories ‘ , nevertheless the course of study has been designed to integrate something for everyone. If the instructor delivers each facet of physical instruction course of study, providing for all types of scholars through usage of the different acquisition schemes, pupils should see great betterments in their PE lessons and thrive on the benefits of holding PE in their lives. To do a cross-curricular comparing, Milner ( 2010 ) conducted a survey and found that through usage of assorted larning schemes, she was able to actuate pupils and convert them of the relevancy of Science to their lives therefore, increasing their acquisition in Science Education. Howard Gardener ( 1983 ) introduced the construct of Seven Multiple Intelligences ( MI ) . He introduced his theory to the instruction sector and argued ; there are seven agencies of intelligence, giving you seven ways to learn, why would you merely utilize one? Gardener believed that instructors should follow the MI theory as a model for presenting their categories. The theory categorised intelligence as ; Logical Mathematical Linguistic Musical Spatial Bodily Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Gardener ‘s theory is going of all time more popular among pedagogues due to the important consequences shown by surveies implementing it all over the universe. Kornhaber ( 2001 ) found instructors responded good to Gardener ‘s beliefs as â€Å" the theory validates pedagogues ‘ mundane experience: pupils think and learn in many different ways. † He believed that Gardener ‘s theory gave instructors a model for organizing their course of study and appraisals, and encouraged contemplation which, in clip, will better run into the demands of the pupils. I agree with Komhaber, as I feel it is really of import for pedagogues to oppugn their work and invariably challenge themselves to broaden their focal point and hence, challenge and help their pupils larning. Undertaking SUMIT ( Schools Using Multiple Intelligences Theory ) was carried out in the US in 1999, where research workers examined the performanceA of 41 schools utilizing MI over a three twelvemonth period. Results reported improved standardized trial tonss, reduced disciplinary misdemeanors, increased parent engagement, and increased ability to work with pupils with larning disablements ( Kornhaber, Fierros, & A ; Veenema, 2004 ) . Similarly, a survey conducted by Schirduan and Case ( 2004 ) , found utilizing MI within a school puting displayed successful consequences. However, this survey focused on pupils with ADHD. The pupils were shown to hold high degrees of intelligence outside of the logical and lingual spheres. In many schools, pupils will non hold the chance to expose their intelligence as there are no installations in topographic point for them to make so. As pedagogues we are perpetrating a societal unfairness to our pupils by non supplying them with the chance of booming in whatever intelligence spectrum they fall. As an pedagogue, you want to acquire the best out of each of your pupils. Understanding Gardner ‘s theory will help any instructor who is willing to alter their ways for the benefit of the pupil. I believe his theory is really applicable to Physical Educators and will seek to integrate different elements of the theory into my category so my pupils can stand out in their sphere. I will present visuals into my schoolroom, utilizing video cartridge holders as presentations for invasion games and dance public presentations. I will utilize music in dance and gymnastic exercises to assist pupils maintain beat and express themselves through motion. Team/group work will be encouraged to better interpersonal accomplishments during a assortment of physical and mental undertakings. Task cards will be introduced to provide for those whose strengths lie in the lingual sphere. I will reflect systematically on my lessons, cheque has pupil larning improved and from here develop new attacks that may help the pupils larning farther. Due to the restrictions of the essay size, I have non been able to discourse all the plausible factors that influence the rubric. I did, nevertheless, choose the three factors that I believe have the greatest influence ; self-esteem, multiple intelligences and non-verbal communicating. I provided a elaborate treatment whilst doing mention to the PE environment. In decision, communicating, larning and relationships interlink and accumulate to supply a positive acquisition environment for both the instructor and the pupil. A hiccough in the concatenation can ensue in maximum larning non being attained. Teachers must endeavor to better and retain the positive flow that occurs when the chief factors interlink at the right balance as this is when pupil acquisition is at its greatest. By invariably taking towards a end like this, instructors can stay motivated within their profession and protract their passion for learning.

Great Expectations The Novel By Charles Dickens English Literature Essay

Devils shows his composing ability as he develops a secret plan, filled with surprises and events, that contributes to the subject that worlds are all connected in humanity. In the gap scene, on Christmas Eve, Pip encounters an at large inmate at a cemetery. Pip describes him as â€Å" a fearful adult male, all in coarse Grey, with a great Fe on his leg † ( 2 ) . Magwitch, the inmate, had escaped from a prison ship. He threatens Pip and demands a file and some nutrient, and frightened Pip brings them to him the following twenty-four hours. â€Å" You get me a file. And you get me wittles † ( 3 ) . The inmate and another runaway are so arrested and sent back to the ship. Pip develops an human bond with the inmate and identifies with him because he was a condemnable for stealing and besides because he had fed him. Pip calls him as â€Å" my fleeting friend † ( 18 ) . At this phase in the novel, the secret plan of the fresh relies on Pip ‘s ability to keep thi s early event. Besides, a careful reader would detect that the secret plan ne'er indicated that the inmate had been taken out of the narrative. â€Å" The last I heard of him, I stopped in the mist to listen, and the file was still traveling † ( 18 ) . The beginning of the secret plan proves the development of the subject of human nexus. After the debut, when the narrative starts to develop, Pip ‘s uncle Pumblechook sends Pip to Miss Havisham ‘s place, the Satis House. Miss Havisham is a unusual and reserved adult female who lives with her adoptive girl, Estella. The Satis House looks the same as it did many old ages ago, when, on her nuptials twenty-four hours, Miss Havisham was abandoned at the communion table by her lover. â€Å" But, I saw that everything within my position which ought to be white, had been white long ago, and had lost it lustre, and was faded and xanthous. I saw that the bride within the espousal frock had withered like the frock, and like the flowers, and had no brightness left but the brightness of her deep-set eyes † ( 53 ) . As he spends more clip with these two characters, Pip starts to fall in love with Estella, who ridicules Pip for being a blacksmith ‘s male child. Then comes along Miss Havisham ‘s attorney, Mr. Jaggers, who tells Pip that an unknown indivi dual is paying for Pip to travel to London and unrecorded life as a gentleman. Pip assumes that the helper is Miss Havisham, and that she is seeking to do him worthy of Estella. â€Å" Henceforth, I was for London and illustriousness — non for Smith ‘s work in general and for you! I made my exulting manner to the old battery, and lying down at that place to see the inquiry whether Miss Havisham intended me for Estella † ( 138 ) . In this portion of the novel, â€Å" the characters in the novel acknowledge their human family with all the people irrespective of category or fortunes † ( Glancy ) . The secret plan is successful to demo us that regardless of societal category humanity has a connexion. While life in London as a gentleman, Pip tries to maintain distance from Joe and the other common mans. He does return to his place to go to his sister ‘s funeral, but otherwise avoids Joe. As the stoping of the 2nd phase comes nearer, Magwitch, the inmate who met Pip at the fens, returns to Pip ‘s life. With his return, the subject of interrelatedness reappears. Mr. Jaggers so reveals to Shoot that Magwitch is his existent helper. â€Å" I have been informed by a individual named Abel Magwitch that he is the helper so long unknown to me † ( 311 ) . At first Pip is frightened, particularly from the fact that Magwitch is a condemnable and might be caught. As Pip starts caring for Magwitch and supplying him with shelter and nutrient, Pip develops an unidentified relationship with him. Pip besides receives the information that Compeyson, Magwitch ‘s enemy and one time spouse in offense, was the 1 who left Miss Havisham at the communion table and that Molly, Mr. Jaggers ‘s retainer, and Magwitch are the parents of Estella. â€Å" And the adult male we have in concealing down the river is Estella ‘s male parent † ( 379 ) . The connexion is one time once more seen through the relationships that have been revealed, whether it is an hard-boiled felon, a weak retainer, a proud girl, or a unpatriotic lover. The program to acquire Magwitch out of England about gets ruined when Pip is about killed by Orlick. Fortunately, Pip is rescued by his friends. The program eventually tkes topographic point as Pip and Herbert row Magwitch to a ship when Compeyson attacks them in a constabulary boat. The two felons wrestle and Compeyson falls and drowns. Magwitch is badly injured and sentenced to decease. Unfortunately, he dies of his hurts. After passing some old ages in Egypt, Pip returns place to Joe and Biddy, happening them merrily married with a boy, besides named Pip. After, Pip visits the Satis House and wanders about. He so comes across a figure in the shadows, Estella. They begin a conversation, and Estella tells him that she would frequently believe of him. When it was clip to portion, they agreed to stay friends. Pip put his custodies in hers, and â€Å" saw no shadow of another farewell from her † ( 451 ) . Even though in the beginning Estella did non desire to be a portion of love, she subsequently realizes that Pip and her were meant to be linked by love. The secret plan is successful in supplying us with keys to understand the subject of human interconnection. Dickens exhaustively develops his characters in an reliable mode, frequently times utilizing all-around characters. â€Å" My male parent ‘s household name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip, my infant lingua could do of both names nil longer or more explicit that Pip. So I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip † ( 1 ) . Philip Pirrip, the chief character, is an ordinary orphan populating with his sister and her hubby at the fens. Philip, besides known as Pip, easy relates to the readers because he comes from a hapless place. He has a low self-pride the ground being his opprobrious sister. His brother-in-law is a blacksmith and the supplier for income in the house. Pip ‘s actions make up the chief secret plan of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Pip was an low male child who looked up to Joe, but when Miss Havisham and Estella entered his life, they changed him wholly. They teach him to be ashamed of his coarse and common life. â€Å" Why, he is a common labouring-boy! † ( 54 ) . When he moves to London, he wholly ignores his household back place, desiring to acquire out of his old deadening life and come in a sophisticated one. â€Å" Let me squeal precisely with what feelings I looked frontward to Joe ‘s coming. Not with pleasance, though I was bound to him by so many ties ; no ; with considerable perturbation, some chagrin, and a acute sense of incongruousness † ( 203 ) . He does non value his one time great influence Joe. Pip starts to alter but non for the better. After a long clip, Pip eventually starts experiencing compassion for person such as Magwitch. After turning Pip ‘s life upside down, Magwitch starts going closer to Pip, and Pip began recognizing the errors he had made. Pip gives him a topographic point to populate and even decides to assist him acquire out of England. â€Å" And you have, and are bound to hold, that tenderness for the life he has risked on your history, that you must salvage him, if possible, from throwing it off. Then you must acquire him out of England before you stir a finger to untangle yourself † ( 318 ) . In the terminal of the novel, Pip realizes his immatureness and begins populating a responsible and reasonable life. Dickens gives the narrative a assortment of characters, and one of the most dynamic characters he creates is Estella. Dickens besides characterizes Estella in a different mode to do her base out. Estella, Miss Havisham ‘s girl, is introduced as haughty and arrogant of her wealth. She serves as a unfavorable judgment against working category. Estella is cold, disbelieving, and manipulative. Although being so disrespectful, Pip still falls in love with Estella. Estella, though, could ne'er show her emotions since her female parent destroyed her ability to interact usually with the universe. She is taught to interrupt Pip ‘s bosom and to ne'er love him. â€Å" Well, you can interrupt his bosom † ( 54 ) . Through out the novel, Estella ‘s attitude towards Pip remains unchanged and her warnings to Pip non to care for her continue. Estella is used by her female parent to seek retaliation on work forces. â€Å" I saw in this that Estella was set to bring Miss Havis ham ‘s retaliation on work forces, and that she was non to be given to me until she had gratified it for a term † ( 282 ) . Later on, Estella decides to acquire married to Drummle, genuinely demoing that she was ne'er touched by Pip ‘s love. Estella is non seen until the last chapter when she meets Pip at the Satis House. He went to the Satis House merely for her interest because he still loved her. Pip had heard about her opprobrious married life and the decease of her hubby. When he met Estella though, he knew that she had changed and wanted to have his love in her life. Estella had learned to love. Finally, Dickens gives the narrative Miss Havisham, the most bizarre character of Dickens book. Her character is successful to pull the reader in. Miss Havisham, a affluent old adult female who lives in her sign of the zodiac, is the most unusual and incredible characters in the narrative. She serves to be a wicked enchantress of the narrative. Deeply affected by her sorrowful yesteryear of her fiancAA © go forthing her at the communion table on her nuptials twenty-four hours, Miss Havisham still wears her marrying gown, a head covering, one shoe, and her stockings. â€Å" I saw that the bride within the espousal frock had withered like the frock, and like the flowers, and had no brightness left but the brightness of her deep-set eyes † ( 53 ) . Pip describes her as a life cadaver whose ghostly presence scared many. Miss Havisham lives with her girl, who she seeks to protect from the sorrow and hurting she had one time suffered, the hurting of lost love. Miss Havisham ne'er taught her girl how to love. She alternatively used her girl to hold retaliation on work forces and interrupt their bosom. â€Å" Sending her out to pull and torture and do mischievousness, Miss Havisham sent her with the malicious confidence that she was beyond the range of all supporters, and that all who staked upon the dramatis personae were secured to lose † ( 282 ) . She uses her money as a arm of power and trains her girl to win where she had failed. Unfortunately, Miss Havisham suffers the effects. Estella is non merely unable to love work forces, but besides Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham realizes her large error when she sees Pip ‘s deep love for Estella. â€Å" The spectral figure of Miss Havisham, her manus still covering her bosom, seemed all resolved into a ghastly stare of commiseration and compunction † ( 339 ) . Since it is excessively late for her to work out the job, the lone thing she can make is take duty for her actions. She asks Pip for forgiveness and leaves some money for Herbert ‘s male parent. â€Å" She turned her face to me for the first clip, dropped on her articulatio genuss at my pess, with her folded weaponries raised to me in the mode in which, when her hapless bosom was immature and fresh and whole, they must frequently hold been raised to Heaven from her female parent ‘s side † ( 370 ) . She dies shortly, but after making what she could make to do other ‘s life bett er. Great Expectations is abundant in symbol. From the many, the two most of import symbols are the Satis House and the mists on the fens. The Satis House represents wealth and royalty. It represents the higher category of the category system In a treatment between Pip and Estella, Estella explains that the word Satis in Latin means adequate. â€Å" It meant, when it was given, that whoever had this house would desire nil else † ( 51 ) . The house besides symbolizes a prison. It ‘s dark and black, and contains many barricaded Windowss. â€Å" Miss Havisham ‘s house, which was of old brick and dismal, and had a great many Fe bars to it. Some of the Windowss had been walled up ; of those that remained, all the lower were rustily barred † ( 50 ) . The house non merely symbolizes wealth and prison, but besides Miss Havisham. â€Å" It was broad and I dare state had one time been fine-looking, but every discernable thing in it was covered with dust and cast, and dro pping to pieces † ( 77 ) . The house and it ‘s suites are symbolic of Miss Havisham because, merely like the house, Miss Havisham is drab on the outside and foul in the interior. Similarly, the mists on the fens symbolizes danger and uncertainness. The mist is seen foremost when Pip brings the inmate some nutrient and a file. â€Å" The mist was heavier yet when I got out upon the fens, so that alternatively of my running at everything, everything seemed to run at me † ( 14 ) . The mist is besides present when Pip watches the inmate run off, allowing the readers know that something is traveling to go on in the hereafter. â€Å" The last I heard of him, I stopped in the mist to listen, and the file was still traveling † ( 18 ) . Later in the narrative, when Pip is kidnapped and about murdered by Orlick, Pip once more encounters the mist. â€Å" In a few proceedingss she ( Moon ) had ascended out of that clear field, in among the piled mountains of cloud. There was a melancholic air current, and the fens were really blue † ( 392 ) . Last, the mist played it ‘s function when he was go forthing town to travel to London after having his luck. â€Å" And the mists had all solemnly risen now, and the universe lay spread before me † ( 149 ) . The reader might detect that this positive journey in his life has unsafe effects. After observing the inside informations in secret plan and subject, word picture, and symbols, the reader leaves Great Expectations with great regard for Charles Dickens as a author of fictional literature. Early in the novel, Pip develops outlooks to be worthy of Estella, but when those start to melt away, Pip ‘s outlook is to acquire Magwitch safely out of England. When that is unsuccessful, Pip goes to Joe and Biddy to inquire for forgiveness and receives what he wanted. In the terminal, though, Pip realizes that true love and company are beyond outlooks.